Con questo post voglio dare una breve descrizione delle uniformi indossate dagli inglesi nella guerra d’indipendenza americana e in particolare illustrare con miei disegni originali le caratteristiche dei reggimenti impegnati a Bunker Hill.
La forza media di un reggimento di fanteria britannica consisteva in un battaglione di circa 477 uomini, suddivisi in 10 compagnie, 8 di fanteria di linea, 1 di granatieri e 1 di fanteria leggera.
Al contrario alcuni reggimenti scozzesi avevano 2 o 3 battaglioni.
In America la forza dei reggimenti era molto inferiore, inoltre le cosiddette compagnie “di fianco” (granatieri e fanteria leggera) erano distaccate a formare battaglioni ad hoc, tutti di granatieri o di fanti leggeri.
L’uniforme dei reggimenti britannici era stata modificata nel 1768 con il “1768 Royal Warrant”.
La fanteria indossava una giubba nel caratteristico panno di colore rosso, più moderna e attillata di quella precedente, colletto, manopole e risvolti del petto erano nel colore reggimentale, anche gli alamari rettangolari o a bastione, identificavano il reggimento.
Le falde della giubba erano bianche per tutti.
Panciotto, pantaloni, bandoliera e cintura erano bianchi per quasi tutti i reggimenti.
Il panciotto delle compagnie leggere, spesso era di colore rosso.
Solo i soldati dei reggimenti con il colore reggimentale “buff”, cioè color cuoio naturale, indossavano panciotto, pantaloni e buffetterie dello stesso colore.
La giberna era di cuoio nero.
Colori reggimentali dei reggimenti impegnati a Bunker Hill. / Facings of the regiments engaged at Bunker Hill. |
I fanti delle compagnie di centro portavano un cappello a tricorno bordato di gallone bianco, mentre i granatieri avevano un berretto di pelo e gli uomini delle compagnie leggere indossavano un casco di cuoio di varie fogge.
Gli alamari erano bianchi con ricami colorati che identificavano il reggimento.
I bottoni erano di metallo bianco per la truppa e in ottone o argento, a seconda del reggimento, per gli ufficiali.
Alamari reggimentali. / Regimental lace. |
Le ghette erano di tela o panno nero, con rinforzi in cuoio nero, ma erano anche molto diffuse delle ghette corte che lasciavano scoperto metà polpaccio.
I tamburini e i musicanti portavano il berretto di pelo dei granatieri, una giubba a colori invertiti (tranne i reggimenti reali), panciotto e pantaloni rossi.
I reggimenti fucilieri portavano il copricapo dei granatieri, mentre alcuni reggimenti scozzesi indossavano il caratteristico kilt.
In seguito, l’uniforme fu modificata a causa dei teatri d’operazione e per le difficoltà di approvvigionamento dell’esercito.
Col proseguire della guerra, il tricorno fu sostituito da un cappello floscio, le falde accorciate e i calzoni, sostituiti da ghette pantaloni di tela bianca o grezza.
L’artiglieria indossava una giubba blu scura con colore reggimentale rosso e con alamari e bottoni gialli.
Artiglieria reale. / Royal Artillery. |
With this post I will give a brief description of the uniforms worn by the British in the War of American Independence, and in particular with my original drawings illustrating the features of the regiments engaged at Bunker Hill.
The average strength of a regiment of British infantry consisted of a battalion of about 477 men, divided into 10 companies, 8 line infantry, 1 of 1 light infantry and grenadiers.
In contrast, several Scottish regiments had 2 or 3 battalions.
InAmerica the strength of the regiments was much lower, also the so called “flank” companies (grenadiers and light infantry) were detached to form ad hoc battalions, all of grenadiers or light infantry.
The uniform of the British regiments was changed in 1768 with "1768 Royal Warrant".
The infantry wore a coat in the characteristic red color, more modern and tight as the previous one, collar, cuffs and lapels were in the regimental colors, even the rectangular or bastion lace, identified the regiment.
The tail of his coat were all white.
Vest, pants, belt and bandolier for nearly all regiments were white.
The average strength of a regiment of British infantry consisted of a battalion of about 477 men, divided into 10 companies, 8 line infantry, 1 of 1 light infantry and grenadiers.
In contrast, several Scottish regiments had 2 or 3 battalions.
In
The uniform of the British regiments was changed in 1768 with "1768 Royal Warrant".
The infantry wore a coat in the characteristic red color, more modern and tight as the previous one, collar, cuffs and lapels were in the regimental colors, even the rectangular or bastion lace, identified the regiment.
The tail of his coat were all white.
Vest, pants, belt and bandolier for nearly all regiments were white.
The waistcoat of light companies, was often red.
Only the soldiers of the regiments with the regimental color "buff", that is, natural-colored leather, wearing a vest, pants and accoutrements of the same color.
The pouch was black leather.
The infantry of the centre companies wore a cocked hat edged with white lace, while the grenadiers had a fur cap and the light companies wore a leather helmet of various shapes.
The laces were white with colored embroidery that identified the regiment.
The buttons were white metal for the private and brass or silver, depending on the regiment, for the officers.
The gaiters were of black cloth, reinforced with black leather, but they were also very popular gaiters court found that left mid-calf.
The drummers and musicians wore a fur cap of grenadiers, a jacket with inverted colors (except the royal regiments), red waistcoat and trousers.
The Fusilier regiments wore the headgear of grenadiers, while some Scottish regiments wore the distinctive kilts.
Later, the uniform was changed because of the theaters of operation and for the supply difficulties of the army.
With the war progressed, the cocked hat was replaced by a slouch hat, trimmed the skirts and the pants was replaced by trousers of white cloth or raw.
The artillery was wearing a dark blue jacket with red facings and yellow lace and buttons.
Only the soldiers of the regiments with the regimental color "buff", that is, natural-colored leather, wearing a vest, pants and accoutrements of the same color.
The pouch was black leather.
The infantry of the centre companies wore a cocked hat edged with white lace, while the grenadiers had a fur cap and the light companies wore a leather helmet of various shapes.
The laces were white with colored embroidery that identified the regiment.
The buttons were white metal for the private and brass or silver, depending on the regiment, for the officers.
The gaiters were of black cloth, reinforced with black leather, but they were also very popular gaiters court found that left mid-calf.
The drummers and musicians wore a fur cap of grenadiers, a jacket with inverted colors (except the royal regiments), red waistcoat and trousers.
The Fusilier regiments wore the headgear of grenadiers, while some Scottish regiments wore the distinctive kilts.
Later, the uniform was changed because of the theaters of operation and for the supply difficulties of the army.
With the war progressed, the cocked hat was replaced by a slouch hat, trimmed the skirts and the pants was replaced by trousers of white cloth or raw.
The artillery was wearing a dark blue jacket with red facings and yellow lace and buttons.